ArticleVeterinary ophthalmology2026
Beyond the Ocular Surface: Nasal Sensory Input as a Driver of Reflex Lacrimation in Dogs.
Article in Veterinary ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Mechanistic domains in canine corneal ulcer progression: a conceptual framework for adjunctive management.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effect of nasal mucosal anesthesia on aqueous tear secretion in dogs and to compare responses between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic breeds. ANIMAL STUDIED: Twenty healthy dogs (10 Australian Shepherds, 10 Boston Terriers). PROCEDURES: All dogs received 0.5 mL of 10% lidocaine or saline into one randomly selected nostril. The alternate solution was administered in the same nostril 2 weeks later. Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) was performed bilaterally before and 15 min after nasal administration. Tear strip wetting was recorded every 10 s for 60 s; the initial uptake phase (0-10 s) reflected uptake of pre-existing tears, while the active secretion phase (10-60 s) represented reflex tearing. Statistical comparisons included paired t-tests and linear mixed-effects models.
resultsIn non-brachycephalic dogs, lidocaine significantly reduced STT-1 values in the treated side by 11.5% (20.0-17.7 mm, p = 0.045) and did not cause a significant change in the contralateral side (21.7-20.1 mm, -7.4%, p = 0.280). Reflex tear slope decreased by 21.7% (0.23-0.18 mm/s, p = 0.004), while the initial phase slope remained unchanged (0.84-0.88 mm/s, p = 0.653). In brachycephalic dogs, lidocaine had no significant effect in either eye or tear phase (p ≥ 0.132). Saline caused mild, non-significant increases in STT-1 across all groups (+0.4% to 8.4%, p ≥ 0.116). Mixed-effects analysis identified skull type as the only significant predictor of treatment response (p = 0.047).
conclusionsNasal mucosal anesthesia reduced reflex tear production in dogs, particularly in non-brachycephalic breeds. These results confirm the presence of a functional nasolacrimal reflex in dogs and suggest diminished nasal sensory input in brachycephalic breeds.
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