ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Adverse Cardiometabolic Impacts of Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Suppression: An Experimental Model of Menopause.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextRisk of cardiometabolic disease increases in women transitioning to postmenopause, during which estradiol declines universally. Most of these women experience fragmentation of sleep because of nocturnal hot flashes, without a reduction in total sleep time.
objectiveWe examined the independent impact of estradiol suppression, sleep, and their combination on cardiometabolic outcomes categorized as satiety and hunger, lipid profile, cardiac vital signs, and glucoregulation.
designParticipants completed 5-night inpatient studies under eucaloric conditions, once during mid-follicular phase/estrogenized and again under estrogen-suppressed conditions, using the same experimental protocol both times. For all participants, sleep was unfragmented the first 2 nights and then experimentally fragmented without reducing total sleep time the next 3 nights.
settingInpatient intensive physiological monitoring research facility.
participantsThirty-eight healthy premenopausal women. INTERVENTION(S): Clinical experimental induced menopause model including GnRH agonist-induced hypoestrogenism and sleep fragmentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Leptin and satiety.
resultsEstradiol suppression significantly decreased leptin and increased lipid profiles (false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted P ≤ .05). Sleep fragmentation significantly increased heart rate (FDR-adjusted P = .002) and trended to increase fasting glucose (FDR-adjusted P = .08). Estradiol suppression and sleep fragmentation worsened individual cardiometabolic outcomes by (median, interquartile range) 4.0% (1.5%, 6.3%) from normalized baseline values. Sleep fragmentation worsened a composite cardiometabolic index derived from individual clinical cardiometabolic measures by an additional 103% over estradiol suppression alone.
conclusionIndependent of aging, there are significant adverse changes in cardiometabolic health induced by core components of the transition to postmenopause, including novel effects of sleep fragmentation, a modifiable target.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.