ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2025
Elucidating biased signaling in class A GPCRs.
Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Biased signaling by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) occurs when ligands selectively activate G proteins or β-arrestins, offering therapeutic potential with fewer side effects. In class A GPCRs, which include the targets of approximately one-third of all marketed drugs, the structural basis of this selectivity remains unclear. Recent cryo-electron microscopy studies, supported by real-time functional assays such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and NanoLuc Binary Technology, reveal how distinct ligand binding modes reshape receptor conformations to favor specific transducer engagement. Integrating structural and functional insights enables mapping of isoform- and tissue-specific signaling. Here, we review key mechanisms of bias, including microswitch transitions, intracellular interface remodeling, and allosteric modulation, and provide a mechanistic basis for pathway-selective GPCR-targeting therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced off-target effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.