Future Research Directions on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins.

Future research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins is essential for advancing tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, treatment, and control amid rising drug resistance and global health challenges. Recent studies focus on elucidating protein structures and interactions critical to bacterial survival, virulence, and drug resistance, enabling the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell proteomics, cryo-electron microscopy, and spatial proteomics provide unprecedented resolution of protein localization, dynamics, and host-pathogen interactions. Posttranslational modifications and dynamic proteomic profiling reveal bacterial adaptive mechanisms, while integrative multi-omics combined with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning accelerate functional annotation and predictive modeling. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based functional genomics complements these approaches by enabling precise gene regulation studies. Advances in AI-powered diagnostics and genomic surveillance are transforming TB detection and drug resistance profiling, improving patient outcomes, especially in resource-limited settings. Overall, integrating experimental and computational innovations promises to deepen understanding of Mtb biology, accelerate drug discovery, enhance diagnostics, and ultimately contribute to global efforts in combating tuberculosis.