Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41208444›Full record

ArticleJournal of cell science2026

Transfection of the free-living alga Chromera velia enables direct comparisons with its parasitic apicomplexan relative, Toxoplasma gondii.

Isadonna F Tengganu, Ke Hu

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cell science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Isadonna F TengganuBiodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA.
Ke HuBiodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9778-7337

Funding

The Road from Independence to ParasitismR21AI193312 · NIAID · ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS · PI HU, KE · 2025 to 2025
$418k
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1R21AI193312NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI193312
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chromera velia is a photosynthetic, free-living alga closely related to the apicomplexan parasites, a phylum of intracellular pathogens responsible for many devastating diseases, including malaria, cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis. With molecular and cellular landmarks clearly related to but distinguishable from those found in apicomplexan parasites, Chromera provides an opportunity to investigate the evolutionary origin of the structures and processes needed for intracellular parasitism. However, tools for defining localization and functions of gene products do not exist for Chromera, which creates a major bottleneck for exploring its biology. Here we report two major advances in exploring the cell biology of this free-living relative of a large group of intracellular parasites: (1) successful cell transformation and (2) the implementation of expansion microscopy. The initial analysis enabled by these tools generated new insights into subcellular organization in different life stages of Chromera. These new developments boost the potential of Chromera as a model system for understanding the evolution of parasitism in apicomplexans.

Indexed as

ApicomplexaToxoplasmaTransfectionAnimalsApicomplexaChromera veliaEvolutionary cell biologyParasitismToxoplasmaTransfection

Identifiers

PMID41208444
PMCPMC12704651

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.