ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Immune markers for pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research trends in COPD-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis over the past two decades: a bibliometric and topic modelling analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Clinical classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Association betweenFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COPD complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis (COPD-PA) encompasses invasive, chronic, and allergic phenotypes and is increasingly recognized as a high-burden comorbidity. Clinical recognition is often hindered by nonspecific manifestations, corticosteroid-suppressed inflammatory signs, and the suboptimal performance of serum galactomannan in non-neutropenic hosts. To define the translational utility of immune biomarkers in this population, evidence was synthesized from international guidelines and contemporary studies in COPD-enriched cohorts, and performance was appraised across diagnostic, monitoring, and prognostic domains. Convergent findings indicate that bronchoalveolar-lavage galactomannan facilitates early diagnosis; serum galactomannan indices stratify risk during exacerbations; Aspergillus-specific IgG supports rule-in for invasive and chronic disease; and pentraxin-3 adds prognostic information. Cytokines central to COPD-PA pathobiology, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-17, provide adjunctive diagnostic value, whereas (1→3)-β-D-glucan shows limited specificity. On this basis, a three-tier framework was developed that classifies biomarkers as clinically validated, mechanistically promising, or exploratory, and this framework was translated into subtype-tailored panels and decision rules that favor either-positive criteria for screening and both-positive criteria for confirmation. It is concluded that immune biomarkers complement microbiology and imaging, expand access when bronchoscopy or biopsy is not feasible, and enable longitudinal risk stratification. Priorities include COPD-specific thresholds, assay standardization, and multicenter validation, with particular emphasis on chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Biomarker-guided immunomodulation may benefit selected phenotypes but requires rigorous evaluation before clinical adoption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.