ArticleClinical hypertension2025
Global, regional, and national burden of hypertensive heart disease in 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Clinical hypertension, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite its substantial burden, hypertensive heart disease (HHD) remains underrecognized. We aimed to investigate the global burden of HHD projected up to 2050. Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 to estimate the global HHD burden. The burden was assessed using prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), stratified by region, age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with all estimates accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We ranked age-standardized DALY rates attributable to six risk factors. Forecasting analysis was conducted using the GBD 2021 forecast framework, supplemented by Das Gupta decomposition analysis. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate increased from 125.44 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 98.97-157.96) to 148.32 (117.32-186.28). In contrast, age-standardized mortality and DALY rates declined to 16.31 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 13.76-18.01) and 301.58 (255.06-332.06), respectively. HHD burden increased with age and was more pronounced in women, particularly among older populations. High systolic blood pressure ranked first among six identified risk factors. Forecasting up to 2050 projected increases in age-standardized mortality (19.11 [95% UI, 13.24-27.45]) and DALY rates (367.80 [255.27-524.52]), despite declining trends over the past three decades. Population growth was the main driver of the projected increase, as shown by Das Gupta decomposition. Conclusions: The rising burden of HHD calls for a shift away from traditional, fragmented approaches focused solely on blood pressure control. Integrated clinical and policy responses are urgently needed to address the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease.
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