Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41209482›Full record

ReviewBioactive materials2026

Chitosan based smart injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review.

Qamar Salamat, Rasoul Moradi, Zahra Nadizadeh, Pirouz Kavehpour, Mustafa Soylak, Ahmet Asimov, Md Zillur Rahman, Tomáš Kovářík, Václav Babuška, Kalim Deshmukh

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Qamar SalamatNanoBioAnalytical Chemistry Center, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Rasoul MoradiNanoBioAnalytical Chemistry Center, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Zahra NadizadehFaculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Pirouz KavehpourDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Mustafa SoylakNanoBioAnalytical Chemistry Center, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Ahmet AsimovNanoBioAnalytical Chemistry Center, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Md Zillur RahmanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tomáš KováříkNew Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Václav BabuškaDepartment of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Kalim DeshmukhNew Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chitosan-based smart injectable hydrogels (CS-SIHs) have emerged as multifunctional platforms for drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering (TE), owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. These smart hydrogels offer controlled, localized therapeutic release and mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby fostering cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In clinical applications such as bone regeneration, cartilage repair, and chronic wound healing, CS-SIHs can be encapsulated with various therapeutic agents, including proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, facilitating minimally invasive delivery. Recent studies have been more focused on developing CS-SIHs with enhanced bioactivity, mechanical integrity, and adaptability to dynamic microenvironments. This review provides an in-depth analysis of novel CS-SIH formulations and their potential therapeutic applications, as well as a comprehensive overview of recent preclinical and translational studies. Additionally, this investigation explores the challenges of clinical translation, including regulatory hurdles and scalability concerns. This work distinguishes itself by systematically integrating the physicochemical properties, intelligent response mechanisms, crosslinking strategies, and biomedical applications of CS-SIHs, offering a coherent framework for future research and development in the field of biomedical engineering.

Indexed as

Chitosandrug deliveryInjectable hydrogelsTissue engineeringWound healing

Identifiers

PMID41209482
PMCPMC12595387

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.