Evidence mapPaperPMID 41209580Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical medicine research2025

The Healing Effect of Aged Garlic Extract on Acetic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Oral Mucositis in Mice.

Keisuke Kawasaki, Koji Harada, Tarannum Ferdous, Keishiro Isayama, Kenji Watanabe, Yoichi Mizukami, Katsuaki Mishima

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Plant Exosome Injection: A New Boost for Postlaser Vascular Repair.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Keisuke KawasakiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
Koji HaradaDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, Hiroshima 734-0014, Japan.
Tarannum FerdousDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, Hiroshima 734-0014, Japan.
Keishiro IsayamaCenter for Gene Research, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
Kenji WatanabeCenter for Gene Research, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
Yoichi MizukamiCenter for Gene Research, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
Katsuaki MishimaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This preliminary study investigated the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on acetic acid (AA) and/or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis in tumor-bearing mice, and whether AGE affects the antitumor activity of 5-FU. Methods: There were four mouse groups: control, AA, AA + 5-FU, and AA + 5-FU + AGE. Mouse squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCCVII) were used to develop tumors in mice, except for the control group. Oral mucositis was induced in tumor-bearing mice by intraperitoneal injection with 5-FU (18 mg/kg) for 9 days and/or topical application of 50% AA to the dorsal tongue for 1 day. Mucositis was treated with AGE (2.0 g/kg/day) for 10 days in AA + 5-FU + AGE group, while the other groups received saline (0.2 mL/day). The wound healing and antitumor effects of AGE were examined. Whole transcriptome analysis and ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) of the tongue and tumor samples were used to investigate the mechanisms behind the wound healing and antitumor effects of AGE. Results: Body weight was increased significantly in AA + 5-FU + AGE group compared to AA + 5-FU group. Moreover, tumor volume was significantly decreased in AA + 5-FU + AGE group than that in the other groups. In AA + 5-FU group, toluidine blue-positive area (wound area) in the tongue was the largest, and the size and weight of the salivary glands were decreased compared to other groups. In contrast, wound area was significantly reduced, and the size and weight of the salivary glands were increased in AA + 5-FU + AGE group compared to AA + 5-FU group. Therefore, AGE treatment could heal tongue ulcers and salivary gland damage in AA + 5-FU + AGE group. Whole transcriptome analysis and IPA data suggested that AGE could heal 5-FU-induced oral mucositis by promoting normal cell differentiation and keratinization, and it may also enhance the antitumor effects of 5-FU through the activation of B cells in mouse tumors. Conclusion: AGE could alleviate AA and 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice while potentially enhancing the antitumor activity of 5-FU. Therefore, AGE might be useful in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based therapies.

Indexed as

5-fluorouracilAcetic acidAged garlic extractsOral mucositisSalivary glands

Identifiers

PMID41209580
PMCPMC12591229

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.