Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41209702›Full record

ReviewMaterials today. Bio2025

Recent advances in nanoparticles-based sonodynamic and immune checkpoint blockade synergistic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Haijie Li, Ying Lei, Yunqing Tian, Hang Nie, Yang Li, Yu Mi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Haijie LiEngineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Ying LeiEngineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Yunqing TianEngineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Hang NieEngineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Yang LiEngineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Yu MiEngineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a major clinical challenge due to its dense fibrotic stroma, hypovascular characteristics, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which collectively hinder effective drug delivery and contribute to recurrence and metastasis. The TME not only restricts therapeutic penetration but also compromises antitumor immune responses through multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms, thereby constituting a central obstacle in PDAC treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) offers several advantages, including enhanced tissue penetration, improved biosafety profiles, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent tumor-killing mechanisms. Nevertheless, the limitation to tumor inhibition instead of shrinkage and the incapability of eliminating metastatic tumors hinder the clinical potential for SDT. Fortunately, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can revive immunological function and induce a long-term immune memory against tumor rechallenges. Therefore, the synergistic combination of NP-based SDT with ICB presents a promising strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes in PDAC. This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles underlying ultrasonic cavitation, sonodynamic effects, sonosensitizer classification, and ICB mechanisms. This review highlighted the synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms and summarized the representative preclinical trials on SDT-assisted immunotherapy. Furthermore, this work explores the molecular basis of SDT-ICB synergy from the perspective of TME complexity. In addition, current nanomedicine engineering approaches aimed at overcoming stromal barriers in pancreatic tumors are critically evaluated. Finally, key challenges and future directions for the development of this combinatorial therapeutic strategy are discussed, offering novel perspectives on the application of biomaterials in advanced cancer therapy.

Indexed as

Immune checkpoint blockadeNanoparticlesPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaSonodynamic therapyTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41209702
PMCPMC12595388

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.