Evidence mapPaperPMID 41210024Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems in Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Vehicle Innovation and Skin Barrier Challenges.

Andres D Parga, Natasha Doshi, Riya M Bhat, Toan Vu, Kiratpreet Sraa, Stephanie Casagrande, Rahul Borra

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Andres D PargaMedicine, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida Healthcare/University of South Florida (USF) Morsani College of Medicine, Brooksville, USA.
Natasha DoshiMedicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA.
Riya M BhatInternal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA.
Toan VuMedicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA.
Kiratpreet SraaDermatology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, USA.
Stephanie CasagrandeMedicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, USA.
Rahul BorraInternal Medicine, University of South Florida (USF) Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition marked by immune dysregulation, pruritus, and impaired skin barrier function. Effective transdermal drug delivery is essential for therapeutic success but remains hindered by stratum corneum (SC) dysfunction and variable skin permeability. This review examines recent advancements in vehicle formulations designed to enhance transdermal drug delivery, specifically in the context of AD. Peer-reviewed studies published within the last two decades were reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States), focusing on innovations in drug delivery systems, vehicle composition, and clinical applications. Novel delivery platforms such as liposomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have demonstrated improved percutaneous absorption, increased drug stability, and reduced skin irritation. Additional breakthroughs include biomimetic formulations, occlusive enhancers, and pH-sensitive carriers tailored to the disrupted skin barrier in AD. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain, including variability in skin hydration, interindividual differences in barrier function, and concerns about long-term safety. Continued research and clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy and tolerability of these technologies. Future advances may lie in personalizing transdermal therapies through skin barrier phenotyping, enabling more targeted, tolerable, and effective treatment strategies.

Indexed as

atopic dermatitisemulsionshydrogelsnanocarriersnanoparticlesskin barrier dysfunctionsolid lipid nanoparticlestopical therapeuticstransdermal drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID41210024
PMCPMC12594052

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.