From cold chain to ambient: Benefits, risks, and evidence across cell therapy logistics.

With the exponential growth in the number of cell-based therapies, there is a need to look more closely at a critical factor that unites all these therapies, i.e., cryopreservation, which is currently deemed the gold standard for the storage and shipment of cells. Although cryopreservation is an integral tool in research and clinical practice, it can cause logistical issues (associated with cold chain transport), financial strain, cell dysfunction, and reduced cell viability. Many cell types that are currently being used in cell therapy, or have high clinical potential, have shown to be affected by cryopreservation. Research groups regularly highlight the need for optimized cryopreservation techniques as well as novel alternatives to avoid cryoprotectants. Here, we highlight the potential of ambient cell transport and how, by optimizing three key elements, nutrient, oxygen, and structural support, it may be possible to avoid cryopreservation during cell transport. Ambient cell transport has various benefits including circumventing ultra-low temperatures during shipment, avoidance of cryopreservation-induced cell damage, and offering a more cost-effective and accessible cell transport option. As the cell therapy field evolves, we must actively evolve with it and explore new ways to ensure effective transport of potent, viable, and efficacious cell-based treatments.