Evidence mapPaperPMID 41211113Full record

ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2025

Management of hypertension in specific populations: a review.

Abbal Koirala, Samir C Gautam, Ahsan Aslam

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Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Abbal KoiralaDivision of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Samir C GautamDivision of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ahsan AslamDivision of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is a widespread global health issue that disproportionately affects certain populations, including self-identified Blacks, the older persons, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and kidney transplant recipients. Hypertension disproportionately affects self-identified Black individuals, with a prevalence of 57.1% compared to 43.6% in non-Hispanic White individuals. This disparity is linked to social determinants of health. Furthermore, APOL1 genetic variants found in self-identified Black individuals increase their susceptibility to kidney injury and CKD, which can subsequently contribute to hypertension. Although in the past thiazide diuretics and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were suggested to be more effective in Black adults, combination therapy is now generally required, with comparable efficacy across populations. In the older persons, hypertension affects approximately 70% of individuals over the age of 65 years, often manifesting as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Trials like the SPRINT study (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) have demonstrated the benefits of lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) to less than 120 mmHg; however, treatment must take into account factors like orthostatic hypotension and frailty. Patients with CKD have a hypertension prevalence of 80-85%. The KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) 2021 guidelines recommend maintaining an SBP of less than 120 mmHg based on the SPRINT trial, although this goal may increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are typically preferred for those with proteinuric CKD. Kidney transplant recipients also experience high rates of hypertension, with approximately 85% affected. The KDIGO 2021 guidelines suggest a blood pressure (BP) target of less than 130/80 mmHg in kidney transplant patients, with a focus on promoting graft survival. Dihydropyridine CCBs and angiotensin receptor blockers are commonly preferred treatments in kidney transplant patients, especially for patients with proteinuric kidney disease. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the unique challenges and management strategies for hypertension in these specific groups. It examines the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and treatment considerations while emphasizing the importance of individualized care to achieve optimal BP control and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Indexed as

chronic kidney disease (CKD)elderlyHypertensionnon-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs)

Identifiers

PMID41211113
PMCPMC12592001

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.