Evidence mapPaperPMID 41211260Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Cardiometabolic Benefits and Risks of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitor and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Dalia Tantawy, Maram Rabih Musa Rabih, Razan Seifeldin Ibrahim Mohamed, Malaz Omer Abdelrahman Ali, Rayan Saad Aldeen Mohammed Saad Aldeen, Ali Omer Ahmed Abdelkarim, Tawasul Greeballah Awadalkreem Mohamedzain

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dalia TantawyGeneral Medicine, George Eliot Hospital, West Midlands, GBR.
Maram Rabih Musa RabihInternal Medicine, National University Sudan, Khartoum, SDN.
Razan Seifeldin Ibrahim MohamedPsychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, IRL.
Malaz Omer Abdelrahman AliGeneral Medicine, Noble's Hospital, Braddan, IMN.
Rayan Saad Aldeen Mohammed Saad AldeenInternal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Igraa College for Science and Technology, Gezira State, SDN.
Ali Omer Ahmed AbdelkarimInternal Medicine, Hayat National Hospital, Qassim, SAU.
Tawasul Greeballah Awadalkreem MohamedzainInternal Medicine, Umluj General Hospital, Umluj, SAU.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management increasingly focuses on cardiometabolic protection. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have complementary mechanisms, making their combination a promising strategy. This systematic review evaluates the cardiometabolic benefits and risks of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA combination therapy in T2DM. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and 2025. Nine RCTs, including cardiovascular outcome trials and mechanistic studies, were included. Data on cardiovascular, renal, glycaemic, and safety outcomes were extracted. The Cochrane RoB 2 tool was used for quality assessment. Combination therapy demonstrated additive cardioprotective effects. Post-hoc analyses showed GLP-1 RAs reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure hospitalisation regardless of background SGLT2i use, and SGLT2i benefits were maintained with concomitant GLP-1 RAs. The combination provided superior glycaemic control (HbA1c reduction), weight loss, and systolic blood pressure reduction compared to monotherapy. The safety profile was consistent with the known effects of each drug class, with no new or unexpected safety signals and manageable gastrointestinal and genital infection risks. The combination of SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs in T2DM provides synergistic benefits for cardiovascular risk reduction, glycaemic control, weight, and blood pressure, without a significant increase in adverse events. This supports its use as a potent therapeutic strategy for high-risk patients, though definitive evidence from prospective trials designed specifically for combination therapy is still needed.

Indexed as

cardiovascular outcomescombination therapyglp-1 receptor agonistsglt2 inhibitorsystematic reviewtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41211260
PMCPMC12591504

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.