Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41211317›Full record

Observational studyPeerJ2025

Cognitive domain-specific impairments and associated risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional observational study based on neuropsychological assessment from Xiamen, China.

Xueling Xiao, Luling Chen, Jingqi Liu, Jiayan Cai, Manxiang Deng

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Neurovascular Actions of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Their Implications for Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xueling XiaoDepartment of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Luling ChenDepartment of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Jingqi LiuDepartment of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Jiayan CaiDepartment of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Manxiang DengDepartment of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, yet limited research has been conducted in subtropical regions of China. Objective: To examine the characteristics of cognitive impairment and identify the potential risk factors in patients with T2DM in Xiamen. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 84 patients with T2DM from Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University. Patients were grouped based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores into a cognitively impaired group (T2DM-CI group, Results: Among the 52 patients in the T2DM-CI group, the most commonly affected cognitive domains were executive function (82.7%), language (75.0%), memory (61.5%), and attention (48.1%), with 59.6% exhibiting impairments in three or more domains. Compared with the T2DM-NCI group, the T2DM-CI group showed poorer performance in most MoCA subdomains-including visuospatial/executive function, language, delayed recall, abstraction, and orientation-as well as in individual cognitive domain tests (all Conclusion: Cognitive impairment in T2DM affects multiple domains, with executive dysfunction most prominent. Age and elevated lipoprotein(a) may increase risk. Routine cognitive screening is warranted, particularly in older patients and those with vascular risk factors.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsRisk FactorsCognitive domainCognitive impairmentInfluencing factorT2DM

Identifiers

PMID41211317
PMCPMC12593723

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.