SynthesisScientific reports2025
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of polypeptide, virus-like particles, and viral vector vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease (2020-2025).
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Six Decades of Global Research on Bovine Babesiosis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Immunoinformatics-based design of artificial chimeric proteins as universal vaccine candidates against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of VP1 coding sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT2 in Egypt.Virology journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most contagious viral diseases affecting livestock, posing major economic and food security challenges. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated recent advances in FMD vaccine strategies and their protective efficacy across platforms. The inclusion criteria were met by 24 out of 3,169 evaluated studies. Bibliometric trends highlighted growing interest in FMD vaccine technologies and the VP1 protein as a key immunogen. Innovative delivery methods, such as nanoliposomes, virus-like particles (VLPs), and dendrimeric peptides, have been linked to enhanced immune responses. A meta-analysis of studies conducted between 2020 and 2025 was performed to compare the protective effectiveness of four main vaccine platforms: peptide-based, viral vector, VLP, and dendritic cell-based vaccines. Subgroup analysis showed that VLP (RR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.97-2.86) and viral vector vaccines (RR = 1.90, 95% CI: 0.08-46.65) demonstrated higher protection compared to other platforms, though wide confidence intervals suggest variability in efficacy across studies. Peptide vaccines demonstrated moderate efficacy (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.75-1.57), whereas dendritic cell-based vaccines provided limited benefit. These findings support further development of peptide and VLP vaccines and underscore the role of advanced delivery systems in improving FMD vaccine effectiveness and contributing to One Health goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.