Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214206›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Process optimization and quality assessment of redistilled Ethiopian traditional spirit (Areke): ethanol yield and zinc contamination control.

Estifanos Kassahun, Abdiwak Tamene, Yobsen Tadesse, Bethlehem Semagn, Addisu Sewunet, Shiferaw Ayalneh, Solomon Tibebu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Estifanos KassahunInnovation Incubation Center and Intellectual Property Right Coordination Office, University-Industry Linkage and Technology Transfer Directorate; Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-641X
Abdiwak TameneFood, and Beverage Industry Research and Development Center, Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yobsen TadesseFood, and Beverage Industry Research and Development Center, Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Bethlehem SemagnFood, and Beverage Industry Research and Development Center, Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Addisu SewunetFood, and Beverage Industry Research and Development Center, Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Shiferaw AyalnehDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417 , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Solomon TibebuDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Bioprocess and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417 , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. solomon.tibebu@aastu.edu.et.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-1017

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research presents a comprehensive optimization of the ethanol re-distillation process focusing on maximizing ethanol purity while minimizing heavy metal contaminants, particularly zinc. Using a rigorous experimental design, key parameters, holding time, reflux ratio, and temperature, were systematically varied to evaluate their effects on ethanol concentration and zinc levels. The optimized conditions achieved an ethanol content as high as 88.01%, with zinc concentrations consistently maintained below 3.63 mg/kg, ensuring both product quality and safety. Industrial-scale trials further confirmed the reproducibility of these results, with the Heart fraction yielding the highest ethanol volume and purity, consistently surpassing 90% alcohol content across batches. Detailed physicochemical analysis demonstrated significantly lower volatile acids, esters, and heavy metals in the Head and Heart fractions compared to the Bottom and Tail fractions, which contained elevated impurities. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the optimized process parameters in enhancing ethanol yield and purity, providing a scalable and industrially viable method for producing high-quality ethanol with controlled contamination levels.

Indexed as

Distillation fractionsEthanol re-distillationExperimental designProcess optimizationZinc contamination

Identifiers

PMID41214206
PMCPMC12603131

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.