ArticleBMC cancer2025
TGF-β signaling and tumor microenvironment dynamics in bladder cancer progression post-BCG therapy: a longitudinal single-nucleus RNA-seq study.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) frequently recurs and progresses despite BCG therapy, cellular mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Understanding the dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identifying pathways associated with BCG resistance are crucial for improving NMIBC treatment.
methodsTo elucidate transcriptional dynamics and key cellular interactions in the TME, we performed longitudinal single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 9 NMIBC cases with three pairs of treatment-naïve and disease progression samples. The resulting 58,037 nuclei were subject to cell type and subtyping annotations along with cell-cell interaction analyses.
resultsOur analysis revealed marked interpatient heterogeneity in malignant cells, accompanied by copy number alterations associated with disease progression. TGF-β signaling emerged as a key pathway, showing gradual enrichment from pre-treatment to post-progression samples. Within the tumor microenvironment, we identified distinct subtypes including LAMP3 + dendritic cells and iCAF fibroblasts that followed unique pseudotime trajectories linked to progression. Cell-cell interaction analysis further highlighted critical ligand-receptor pairs such as DSC2-DSG2 and ENG-BMPR2, which were associated with poor clinical outcomes. These interactions may represent hypothesis-generating candidates that warrant further validation.
conclusionsThis study highlights key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer progression Post-BCG treatment. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we identified critical TME subtypes, TGF-β signaling involvement, and crucial ligand-receptor interactions such as DSC2-DSG2 and ENG-BMPR2, which may serve as preliminary biomarkers requiring confirmation in larger independent cohorts. These findings offer valuable insights into enhancement of treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.