Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214616›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Public knowledge of air pollution sources and its health effects: a 2025 cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of adults in Poland.

Zuzanna Grześczyk-Nojszewska, Kuba Sękowski, Agnieszka Mazurek, Wojciech Pinkas, Mateusz Jankowski, Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska

Abstract read
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Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zuzanna Grześczyk-NojszewskaSchool of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, 01- 826, Poland.
Kuba SękowskiSchool of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, 01- 826, Poland. kuba.sekowski@cmkp.edu.pl.
Agnieszka MazurekSchool of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, 01- 826, Poland.
Wojciech PinkasDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, National Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland.
Mateusz JankowskiSchool of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, 01- 826, Poland.
Justyna Grudziąż-SękowskaSchool of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, 01- 826, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAir pollution is well-established modifiable risk factor contributing to both non-communicable and communicable diseases worldwide and is responsible for over 6 million additional deaths each year. In Poland, where residential heating is the main source of air pollution, public's engagment is essential for improving air quality. This study aimed to assess the social awareness of air pollution on a representative sample of adults in Poland.

methodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey based on a self-prepared questionnaire and conducted on a sample of Polish adults (n = 1092) between June 6th and 10th, 2025 using the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) methodology. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were used.

resultsData were collected from 1092 respondents. The vast majority (90.5%) of the participants agreed that air pollution can cause serious health problems. The most commonly reported air pollution sources were industry (72.2%) and home waste burning (68.8%), while only 49.7% pointed to home heating systems. Men were more likely than woman (p < 0.05) to know that PM2.5 and PM10 are air pollutants. Participants living in cities with 20,000 to 99,999 residents were most likely to indicate home heating systems as a source of air pollution (p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression female gender (aOR = 1.81; 95%CI = 1.18-2.77; p = 0.006), age 60 years and over (aOR = 3.99; 95%CI = 1.70-9.40; p = 0.002), having higher education (aOR = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.29-3.11; p = 0.002), and living in a household of at least two people (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased awareness of exposure to air pollution as a risk factor for serious health conditions.

conclusionsThere are significant gaps in the public's knowledge of air pollution in Poland, especially among the younger generations. In order to improve Poland's air quality, tailored education campaigns and public interventions are urgently needed.

Indexed as

Air PollutionHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolandSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAir pollutionAir qualityHealth literacyPolandPublic knowledgeSocial awareness

Identifiers

PMID41214616
PMCPMC12599106

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.