Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214696›Full record

ReviewCancer cell international2025

Recent clinical advances in nonconjugated antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates for colorectal cancer treatment.

Ghasem Noorkhajavi, Armin Banakholdi, Amirhosein Torabi, Amirreza Zoghi, Effat Iranijam, Elham Safarzadeh

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer cell international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ghasem NoorkhajaviCancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Armin BanakholdiStudents Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Amirhosein TorabiStudents Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Amirreza ZoghiStudents Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Effat IranijamCancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Elham SafarzadehCancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. safarzadehelham@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-8923

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe second most prevalent cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide and the third most often diagnosed malignancy is colorectal cancer (CRC). The treatment of colorectal cancer has been transformed by recent developments in antibody-based therapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and non-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This review aims to elucidate the most impactful therapeutic strategies in CRC immunotherapy, emphasizing both established and emerging approaches. MAIN BODY: With an emphasis on nonconjugated mAbs (such as bevacizumab and cetuximab) and ADCs (such as Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan), this study examines more than 150 clinical trials and peer-reviewed publications from sources including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The selection criteria included studies published within the last decade, emphasizing mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles. Non-conjugated mAbs target specific tumor antigens to inhibit signaling pathways and stimulate immune-mediated cytotoxicity, while ADCs combine mAbs with cytotoxic payloads for precise tumor cell elimination. Clinical trials have demonstrated significant survival benefits with these agents in biomarker-selected populations, particularly in HER2-positive and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H/dMMR) CRC subgroups. Challenges include drug resistance, variable antigen expression, and adverse effects, underscoring the need for biomarker-driven approaches and combination therapies.

conclusionsImmunotherapy, particularly non-conjugated mAbs and ADCs, transforms CRC treatment by improving survival and quality of life. Ongoing research is essential to address resistance mechanisms, optimize combination regimens, and integrate personalized therapies into clinical practice.

Indexed as

Antibody-drug conjugatesClinical outcomesColorectal cancerImmunotherapyNonconjugated antibodiesTargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID41214696
PMCPMC12604380

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.