Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214781›Full record

SynthesisBMC psychology2025

The relationship between school-age students' literacy skills and digital well-being: a systematic review.

Zeynep Arkan, Mazhar Bal

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Zeynep ArkanDepartment of Translation and Interpreting, Faculty of Literature, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-186X
Mazhar BalDepartment of Turkish and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. mazharbal@akdeniz.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-9130

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis systematic review examines the relationship between literacy skills and digital well-being among school-age students. Digital technology has transformed education and daily life, creating opportunities and challenges. Understanding how literacy skills influence students' ability to safely and effectively navigate digital environments is crucial for educational policy and practice.

methodsThe study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and searched five databases (WoS, Scopus, ERIC, EBSCO Teacher Reference Center, and H.W. Wilson) for the relevant peer-reviewed articles. Of the 798 initial articles, 17 met our inclusion criteria. Studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for methodological quality, with data analyzed thematically to identify patterns in the relationship between literacy and digital well-being.

resultsThe analysis revealed four key themes: (1) digital competence correlates positively with well-being, improving psychological health, and reducing cyber aggression; (2) demographic factors influence digital well-being, with females demonstrating higher awareness; (3) educational interventions using game-based learning and augmented reality effectively improve digital literacy and well-being; and (4) online risks typically originate from immediate social environments rather than strangers, requiring a balance between the technology's social benefits and overuse effects.

conclusionsThe findings demonstrate a strong relationship between literacy skills and digital well-being among K-12 students. Educational interventions should integrate critical thinking with technical skills, adopt gender-sensitive approaches, and address digital access inequalities. Recommendations include developing longitudinal studies across socioeconomic contexts, exploring AI's impacts on digital well-being, and providing comprehensive teacher training to support students' healthy digital development.

Indexed as

Computer LiteracyDigital TechnologyLiteracyStudentsAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleDigital competenceDigital Well-BeingK-12 educationLiteracy skillsSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41214781
PMCPMC12604163

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.