ArticleHuman reproduction open2025
Modeling the window of implantation: insights from endometrial biopsy and menstrual blood-derived organoids and endometrial stromal cells.
Article in Human reproduction open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A non-invasive, patient-derived organoid platform from uterine lavage fluid for modeling endometrial implantation and disease.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
study questionCan menstrual blood-derived organoids (MB-organoids) and human endometrial stromal cells (MB-ESCs) serve as a physiologically relevant, non-invasive model for studying endometrial function and hormonal response? SUMMARY ANSWER: MB-organoids and ESCs recapitulate key structural and functional features of the endometrium, responding to hormonal stimulation in a manner comparable to biopsy-derived models, supporting their use in reproductive research. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Endometrial organoids derived from biopsy samples have provided valuable insights into endometrial physiology and implantation. However, their reliance on invasive tissue sampling limits their clinical and research applications. Menstrual blood contains viable endometrial cells, yet its potential for generating functional three-dimensional (3D) models remains underexplored. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION: This cross-sectional, PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING
methodsMenstrual blood samples were collected from healthy fertile donors ( MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: MB-organoids demonstrated structural and functional characteristics similar to biopsy-derived endometrial organoids, including glycogen accumulation and pinopode formation, indicative of endometrial receptivity. Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of both epithelial and stromal populations as well as glycodelin A production. MB-ESCs underwent decidualization in response to hormonal stimulation, with LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: This WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE
findingsMenstrual blood provides a non-invasive, accessible source for generating functional endometrial models. MB-organoids and MB-ESCs offer promising applications in reproductive medicine, including drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized therapies for endometrial disorders. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This work is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research-NextGenerationEU PNRR «THE» (Tuscany Health Ecosystem), Spoke 6-Precision Medicine & Personalized Healthcare ECS_00000017, the Estonian Research Council grant no. PRG1076, Swedish Research Council grant no. 2024-02530, Novo Nordisk Foundation grant no. NNF24OC0092384, and Horizon Europe grant NESTOR, grant no. 101120075. The University of Siena Open Access funding partially supported the APC fees. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.