ArticleCirculation reports2025
Clinical Importance of Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors on Outcomes in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock - A Systematic Review.
Article in Circulation reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Role of vascular smooth muscle cell pathobiology in sepsis‑induced vasoplegia (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Inotropes play a significant role in the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors (PDE3i) are being used with increasing frequency, despite limited supporting evidence. Methods and Results: We performed a systematic review to assess the clinical importance of PDE3i in CS. The search included studies that compared the effect of 'PDE3i with or without inotropes' with 'No PDE3i with or without inotropes' in patients with cardiogenic shock. Early death, cardiac arrest, and initiation of renal replacement therapy were assessed as outcomes. We identified 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT) with a total of 224 patients who met the eligibility requirements from the PubMed, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases, up until October 31, 2024. One RCT compared milrinone with dobutamine (DOB), and another compared enoximone with levosimendan. Meta-analysis revealed that PDE3i were neither superior nor inferior for the outcomes in the total cohort (odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-6.26 for early deaths; OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.42-3.14 for cardiac arrest; OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.80-2.92 for the initiation of renal replacement therapy). Conclusions: The present systematic review revealed no difference in outcomes, early deaths, cardiac arrest and initiation of renal replacement therapy when using PDE3i in patients with CS treated with or without other inotropes.
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