Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41216433›Full record

ArticleTranslational pediatrics2025

Global disease burden and trends of pertussis in individuals under 20 years old: 1990-2021-insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Xiaofang Zhou, Xinjia Gu, Dan Li, Taixiang Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xiaofang ZhouDepartment of Transfusion Room, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Xinjia GuDepartment of Transfusion Room, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Dan LiNational Clinical Research Center for Child, Hangzhou, China.
Taixiang LiuNational Clinical Research Center for Child, Hangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-4998

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Despite widespread vaccination, pertussis persists as a critical global public health threat, particularly for individuals under 20 years old. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the global burden of pertussis in this population, with a specific focus on disparities related to age, sex, location, and socioeconomic development. Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021 to quantify the burden of pertussis including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among individuals under 20 years old across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Burden estimates were stratified by age, sex, location, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and the association between burden metrics and SDI was evaluated via smoothing spline models and Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of pertussis in individuals under 20 years old decreased by 77.7%. Similarly, deaths and DALYs due to pertussis declined by 80.3%. In 2021, low-SDI regions reported the highest number of pertussis cases, deaths, and DALYs, whereas high-SDI regions had the lowest. Geographically, South Asia had the highest case count, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa led in deaths and DALYs. Infants had the highest incidence, mortality, and DALY rates. Gender disparities were observed, with females generally having higher rates than males, except in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. A negative correlation was noted between SDI and pertussis burden. Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into the global pertussis burden among individuals under 20 years old. Despite overall improvements, significant variations exist. Our findings emphasize the need for sustained and improved vaccination strategies such as maternal immunization, improved coverage and timeliness, and better healthcare access, to further address these inequalities.

Indexed as

Global Burden of Disease study (GBD study)individuals under 20 years oldpertussissocio-demographic index (SDI)

Identifiers

PMID41216433
PMCPMC12597205

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.