PersADE: a database of personalized adverse drug events and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

As a major burden on global healthcare systems, adverse drug events (ADEs) result in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource consumption. With the rapid advances in precision medicine, personalized ADEs and their molecular mechanisms are important components of drug repurposing and drug safety improvement. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted to collect valuable information on personalized ADEs, but no database has yet been available to provide such data. In this work, PersADE, a database aiming to provide personalized drug adverse events and their molecular mechanisms, was constructed. It integrated 4 061 772 personalized drug-ADE associations, 31 756 protein-ADE associations, and 108 677 drug-protein interactions, with a particular emphasis on off-target effects. The uniqueness of these data lies in (a) providing demographic characteristics, disease context and drug administration parameters associated with ADEs, enabling stratification of drug-ADE associations; (b) systematically integrating interactions among drugs, human proteins and ADEs, describing the mechanistic insights. Given the growing global focus on precision medicine, PersADE is highly anticipated to significantly impact studies on personalized ADEs and mechanistic explorations by providing researchers and clinicians with evidence-based tools. It is now freely accessible at: https://idrblab.org/PersADE.