Evidence mapPaperPMID 41219575Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026

Metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: histology-specific metastatic patterns and survival in a national cancer database analysis.

Mohamed Javid Raja Iyub, Pushan Prabhakar, Deerush Kannan Sakthivel, Aditi Chandrasekaran, Manuel Ozambela, Murugesan Manoharan

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Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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6 authors.

Mohamed Javid Raja IyubMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendal Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA. mohamedjavid.rajaiyub@baptisthealth.net.
Pushan PrabhakarMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendal Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.
Deerush Kannan SakthivelMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendal Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.
Aditi ChandrasekaranMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendal Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.
Manuel OzambelaMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendal Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.
Murugesan ManoharanMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendal Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetastasis development in bladder cancer patients without any evidence of muscle invasion is known as metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (mNMIBC). Given its recent recognition, this condition is largely underexplored. The objective of our study was to analyze the baseline characteristics, metastatic patterns, and survival outcomes of this condition based on different histology subtypes.

methodsData from patients with mNMIBC were analyzed across different histology subtypes. Demographic and clinical variables were compared using Chi-square and Fisher's exact analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare survival outcomes between the various types of histology.

resultsAmong the 537,674 patients diagnosed with NMIBC, 3982 had distant metastasis. The most common histopathology type was urothelial carcinoma [UC] (86.2%), followed by small cell carcinoma [SCC] (3.2%), squamous cell carcinoma [SqCC] (2.6%), adenocarcinoma (1.6%), and other variants (6.4%). The median overall survival (OS) of mNMIBC was 6.54 months. Among the various histopathology types, adenocarcinoma had the best OS (median OS: 12.71 months), followed by SCC (median OS: 8.87 months), UC (median OS: 6.83 months), and SqCC (median OS: 3.48 months). All results were statistically significant (p = 0.002). The common sites of metastasis were bone in UC (15.8%), lungs in SqCC (18.1%) and adenocarcinoma (16.9%), and liver in SCC (22%).

conclusionmNMIBC is an uncommon (0.74% of NMIBC) condition with a poor prognosis. The most common and least common subtypes were urothelial carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. In comparison with the other subtypes, adenocarcinoma had the best prognosis, and squamous cell carcinoma had the worst prognosis.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaCarcinoma, Small CellCarcinoma, Squamous CellCarcinoma, Transitional CellLiver NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedBladder cancerMetastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancerNon-muscle invasive bladder cancerUrothelial Carcinoma

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.