ArticleBMC nursing2025
Factors associated with anxiety, stress, depression and burden among informal caregivers of patients with dementia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions in Alleviating Burden on Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Mindfulness Program vs Audio-Guided Mindfulness on Depression, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Dementia Family Caregivers: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Trial
- Symptoms of anxiety and depression in informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a latent profile analysis and computer-simulated network analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation of the Chinese version of the family caregiver communication tool-chronic illness.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn Europe, demographic ageing and an increase in the prevalence of dementia are expected. Portugal, along with other Mediterranean and Southeastern European countries, exceeds the European trend placing growing pressure on health and social care systems. Informal caregivers play a crucial role in meeting these demands, despite the impact on their own mental health. The emerging and multifaceted nature of informal caregiving, combined with the limited evidence from Southern European contexts, motivated this study. This research aimed (1) to identify the levels of anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and burden among informal caregivers of people with dementia in Portugal, and (2) to identify which sociodemographic and/or clinical factors are associated with anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and burden in these caregivers.
methodsA survey was conducted among informal caregivers of non-institutionalized dementia patients. The survey encompassed a sociodemographic and clinical assessment using the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ), the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS), the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 items (DASS21). Linear regressions were performed using caregivers’ data on depression, anxiety, stress, and burden as dependent variables.
resultsA total of 414 caregivers participated. They exhibited normal intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology. Several variables significantly related to these outcomes were identified and quantified. The mean CBS score was 54.3 ± 17.8 (range 22–110) and was associated to caregiver age, years in the caregiver role, hours of daily care, and participation in leisure or relaxation activities. Positive mental health and psychological vulnerability were significant explanatory factors for all assessed outcomes.
conclusionsGreater time dedicated to caregiving and reduced engagement in leisure or relaxation activities were significantly associated with higher burden. The level of positive mental health is a robust associated factor of mental health issues among caregivers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.