Evidence mapPaperPMID 41219770Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025

Actual macronutrient composition of the Mediterranean diet and its association with adiposity and inflammation: a cross-sectional real-life study.

Claudia Vetrani, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Annamaria Di Martino, Federica Cantelli, Chiara Graziadio, Giuseppe Annunziata, Ludovica Verde, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Antonia Tricopoulou, Annamaria Colao and 2 more

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Claudia Vetrani *Department of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy. claudia.vetrani@unipegaso.it.ORCID 0000-0001-8335-5939
Evelyn Frias-Toral *Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, 0901952, Ecuador.
Annamaria Di MartinoDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
Federica CantelliDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
Chiara GraziadioItalian Centre for the Care and Wellbeing of Patients With Obesity, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Giuseppe AnnunziataDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Ludovica VerdeDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Giovanna MuscogiuriItalian Centre for the Care and Wellbeing of Patients With Obesity, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Antonia TricopoulouAcademy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Annamaria Colao *Italian Centre for the Care and Wellbeing of Patients With Obesity, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Daniel Simancas-Racines *Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Quito, 170129, Ecuador.
Luigi Barrea *Department of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.

Funding

Ministero della Salute Project code PE00000003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesThe Mediterranean diet (MD) relies on a specific food consumption pattern that has been given pleiotropic effects on human health. However, even foods typically considered beneficial within the MD framework may vary in macronutrient composition, potentially leading to imbalanced or unhealthy dietary profiles despite overall adherence. To date, no study has evaluated the total energy intake and percentage macronutrient composition in a cohort of adult individuals stratified by their adherence to MD. We aimed to investigate the total energy intake and macronutrient composition among individuals stratified by adherence to MD, and its association with indices of adiposity and inflammation.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 1342 volunteers. Participants underwent clinical examination (anthropometry, body composition, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assessment), and nutritional data collection, including adherence to MD (PREDIMED questionnaire) and habitual diet composition (7-day food records). The associations between PREDIMED score, macronutrient composition, and clinical outcomes were explored by Pearson's correlation. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the macronutrient that best predicted adherence to MD.

resultsParticipants with high adherence to MD (H-MD) presented lower intake of carbohydrate, while higher protein and fat amounts than individuals with medium (M-HD) or low (L-MD) adherence to MD. The H-MD group showed lower adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass) and C-reactive protein concentrations than individuals in the M-MD and L-MD groups p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Linear regression analysis showed low carbohydrate intake as the best predictor of high PREDIMED score (β: -0.875; p < 0.001).

conclusionH-MD is characterised by lower carbohydrate, higher protein and fat intakes than those usually reported in nutritional recommendations. This profile was significantly associated with lower adiposity and inflammation. A low carbohydrate amount was the best predictor of H-MD, suggesting that dietary carbohydrate should be on the lower side of the recommended range.

Indexed as

AdiposityDiet, MediterraneanInflammationNutrientsAdultAgedC-Reactive ProteinCross-Sectional StudiesEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedC-Reactive ProteinNutrientsAdiposityCarbohydrate intakeHealthy dietInflammationMacronutrientsMediterranean dietNutritional recommendations

Identifiers

PMID41219770
PMCPMC12606856

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.