ReviewBiomarker research2025
Decoding the mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis: paving the way for precision therapeutics.
Review in Biomarker research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to decipher the neuro-immune microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastasis: a key regulatory axis, prognostic model, and drug discovery.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Peptides as multifunctional linchpins in targeted drug conjugates.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Preliminary modeling of brain metastases in breast cancer: a neural network approach to risk factor analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Tumor microenvironment and key signaling pathways in breast cancer progression and therapy resistance: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Special Issue "Invasion and Metastasis in Brain Cancer".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of brain metastasis is a major cause of significantly reduced survival in breast cancer patients. The initiation and progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) involve multiple distinct molecular pathways and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review systematically summarizes key mechanisms underlying BCBM, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of metabolic reprogramming regulated by critical signaling pathways during brain colonization. In particular, we highlight emerging mechanisms of breaching the specialized brain multifunctional barriers. Furthermore, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the cooperative immune-suppressive network within the BCBM TME, emphasizing the crosstalk among various immune cell components (such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, MDSCs) and intracranial-specific cellular elements (including astrocytes, microglia, brain metastasis-associated fibroblasts). Through the complex interplay, these cells collectively facilitate immune evasion and metastatic outgrowth. Accordingly, we discuss the current clinical management of BCBM and potential future directions. Deeper mechanistic insights are expected to offer novel biomarkers and reveal new targets for developing precision therapeutic strategies against BCBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.