ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2025
The incidence of early and precocious puberty of children in two Chinese cities: a multi-center prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fixed Dosing of Leuprolide Acetate, a GnRH Agonist, in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Population Pharmacokinetic Justification.Paediatric drugs · 2026Trial
- Research on the influence of bisphenol A on precocious puberty based on network toxicology and molecular dynamics simulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Syndrome differentiation and treatment of pediatric central precocious puberty: role of the spleen-kidney axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are no population-based school cohort studies reporting the incidence of early and precocious puberty in China. This study aims to determine the incidence of early and precocious puberty in China.
methodsThis prospective cohort study involved 8,025 children (4,341 boys and 3,684 girls) in China. Precocious puberty was defined as breast development stage II before 8 years or menarche before 10 years in girls, and testicular volume (TV) ≥ 4 ml before 9 years in boys. Early puberty was defined as breast development stage III between 8 and 9.8 years or stage IV between 8 and 12.4 years in girls, and TV ≥ 4 ml between 9 and 9.7 years or TV ≥ 12 ml between 9 and 11.9 years in boys. Incidence was stratified by age, sex, BMI, and district.
resultsThe adjusted incidence of precocious puberty was 1.7% (girls:2.9%; boys: 1.1%). Early puberty incidence was 3.9% (girls: 3.2%; boys: 4.5%). Urban boys had a higher incidence of early puberty (5.7%) compared to suburban boys (0.7%). Girls with overweight and obesity had higher incidences of early puberty (6.9% and 11.8%, respectively), with girls with obesity also showing a higher incidence of precocious puberty (4.6%).
conclusionThe incidence of early and precocious puberty among children in these two Chinese cities was relatively high, particularly among girls. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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