ReviewCureus2025
The Role Played by Imidazole Propionic Acid in Modulating Gut-Heart Axis and the Development of Atherosclerosis: An Explorative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Classification of intestinal inflammation driven by gut microbiota metabolites: a new paradigm for precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the significant role of the normal human microbial component, also known as gut microbiome/gut microbiota (GM). Dysbiosis, or imbalance of GM, can predispose to systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The GMs' influence extends further to cardiometabolic health, with microbial metabolites playing a pivotal role in these interactions. Traditional risk factors like hyperlipidemia and hypertension are now complemented by emerging evidence implicating GM-derived metabolites in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (ATS). Imidazole propionic acid (ImP), a metabolite of histidine derived from GM, has emerged as a significant mediator linking GM dysbiosis to ATS and CVD, or coronary artery disease (CAD). This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on ImP's biosynthesis, molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance, and therapeutic potential, emphasizing its role in the gut-heart axis and cardiovascular pathology. Appropriate keywords, including "microbes", "dysbiosis", "gut microbiota/gut microbiome and cardiovascular disorders", "atherosclerosis and microbes", and "microbial metabolites", among others, were used to extract relevant studies in PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to date. ImP bridges microbial dysbiosis and CVD through endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Its production is modifiable by diet and GM composition, positioning ImP as both a biomarker and therapeutic target in ATS and heart failure. Advancing understanding of ImP's biology and clinical impact will enable novel interventions to reduce the global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), marking a change in basic assumptions in cardiovascular medicine centered on the gut-heart axis.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.