ArticleJMA journal2025
Sex Differences in Renal Outcomes and Metabolic Markers by Combination Therapy with SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the RECAP Study.
Article in JMA journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Insulin and Incretin Receptor Agonists Reciprocally Alter Their Blood-Brain Barrier Permeabilities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparison of renal outcomes between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: We previously reported that combination therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) was beneficial for the progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, sex differences in renal outcomes and metabolic markers with combination therapy remain unclear. To clarify this, we performed a post hoc analysis of the differences in renal outcomes between males and females. Methods: Among 643 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who had received their preceding medication for ≥6 months and concomitant medication for ≥12 months, data from 361 males and 282 females were analyzed in this post hoc study. Renal outcomes and changes in metabolic markers were analyzed. To adjust for confounding factors at baseline, a propensity score analysis with inverse probability weighting (PS-IPW) was adopted, and a generalized linear model was used for the comparison. Results: In the PS-IPW model, the incidence of renal composite outcomes was 28% in the male group and 26% in the female group, with an odds ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.44, p = 0.65). Significantly lower levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure, and alanine aminotransferase, and larger decreases in the body mass index and DBP were observed in the female group than in the male group. Conclusions: DBP reduction differed between males and females with T2D treated with a combination of SGLT2i and GLP-1Ra. Sex differences need to be considered clinically in combination therapy, and their impact on cardiovascular events should also be investigated in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.