Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41220802›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025

Ultrasound-responsive phase-transitional nanomedicine enables intensity-tunable postoperative analgesia.

Xinye Song, Miao Feng, Hao Chen, Yong Luan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Engineering Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems for Pain.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xinye SongDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Miao FengDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Hao ChenDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Yong LuanDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Effective handling of pain after surgery is a major clinical issue, since insufficient pain relief is associated with extended recovery, excessive opioid use, and increased healthcare. Current approaches are limited by the short duration of local anesthetics, opioid-related adverse effects, and the lack of dynamic adjustability in pain relief. Here we report a theranostic nanoplatform, Rg3-liposomes@DMSN-levobupivacaine-PFP (RDLP), which integrates ultrasound-triggered phase transition, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging, and intensity-tunable drug release to address these limitations. Methods: RDLP features a core-shell architecture: dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN) encapsulate the local anesthetic levobupivacaine and the phase-transition agent perfluoropentane (PFP), with a biocompatible Rg3-liposome coating enhancing stability and reducing drug leakage. Upon ultrasound irradiation, PFP undergoes liquid-to-gas phase transition, generating microbubbles that amplify CEUS signals for real-time visualization of drug distribution and drive inertial cavitation to trigger burst release of levobupivacaine. This design achieves high levobupivacaine encapsulation efficiency and enables spatiotemporally controlled release, with ultrasound accelerating drug release kinetics Results: RDLP combined with ultrasound prolonged analgesia compared to free levobupivacaine and enabled on-demand adjustment of pain relief intensity via multiple ultrasound irradiation cycles, restoring paw withdrawal thresholds and latencies to near-baseline levels Discussion: RDLP bridges imaging guidance and therapeutic intervention, leveraging ultrasound's deep tissue penetration and Rg3's natural biocompatibility to overcome limitations of conventional nerve blocks and ultrasound-responsive systems. This non-invasive, adjustable strategy offering potential to reduce opioid reliance and improve patient outcomes in perioperative care.

Indexed as

nanoplatformphase transitionpostoperative analgesiatheranosticsultrasound-triggered release

Identifiers

PMID41220802
PMCPMC12597983

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.