ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Disparities in Prescription Opioids Among a National Sample of Adult Cancer Patients 2012-2021.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesCancer is a major public health issue and the second leading cause of death in the United States. Pain remains a serious sequela, with opioids commonly prescribed for pain management. This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescriptions among adults with a history of cancer.
methodsWe analyzed pooled 2012-2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data for adults (≥ 18 years) with a self-reported cancer history who had at least one opioid or non-opioid analgesic prescription. The primary independent variable was race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Black, Other). Covariates included age, gender, marital status, education, insurance, and family income. Propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline characteristics. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to develop adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were conducted in R (version 4.5.1), with α = 0.05.
resultsAmong 5,151 unmatched participants, representing 5,847,397 United States adults with cancer who received analgesic prescriptions between 2012 and 2021, 3,840,706 received an opioid and 2,006,691 received a non-opioid. In the unweighted matched sample of 4,599, 62,6% were female, 82% were non-Hispanic White, 54.5% had private insurance, and 50.2% had GED or high school or equivalent. After matching, the weighted sample represents 5,215,808 adults overall, including 3,256,636 opioid users and 1,959,172 non-users. In adjusted analyses, only race and ethnicity were associated with opioid prescribing, with Black respondents having lower odds than non-Hispanic Whites (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86, p < 0.01), after adjusting for other covariates.
conclusionRacial and ethnic disparities persist in opioid prescriptions among United States adults with cancer, highlighting inequities in pain management.
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