Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41223875›Full record

ArticleThe Korean journal of internal medicine2025

Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with cardiovascular outcomes across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages.

Byung Sik Kim, Hyun-Jin Kim, Shinje Moon, Hasung Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Jeong-Hun Shin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Byung Sik KimDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.
Hyun-Jin KimDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.
Shinje MoonDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Hasung KimData Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea.
Jungkuk LeeData Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea.
Jeong-Hun ShinDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

aimsCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interplay between metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance (IR) is a key driver of CKM and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a cost-effective surrogate marker of IR; however, its prognostic value across CKM syndrome stages remains unclear.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data of 1,497,913 adults enrolled in the Korean National Health Insurance Database between 2009 and 2012. The participants were stratified into four CKM stages (0/1, 2, 3, and 4) and further categorized into three TyG index tertiles: Group 1 (< 8.27), Group 2 (8.27-8.81), and Group 3 (> 8.81). The primary composite outcomes were all-cause mortality, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction.

resultsOver an average follow-up period of 12.6 ± 1.50 years, individuals in the highest TyG tertile demonstrated a significantly higher risk of the composite primary outcome compared to those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio, 1.116; 95% confidence interval, 1.101-1.131; p < 0.001). This dose-dependent relationship was consistent across CKM stages, with the strongest associations observed in the early CKM stages (0/1 and 2). An elevated TyG index is also associated with an increased risk of secondary outcomes, including all-cause death, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction.

conclusionThe TyG index independently predicted cardiovascular risk across the CKM syndrome stages. Its integration into routine clinical assessments could enhance early risk stratification and guide preventive strategies, particularly for patients in the early stages of CKM syndrome.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCardio-Renal SyndromeCardiovascular DiseasesMetabolic SyndromeTriglyceridesAdultAgedBiomarkersDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisBiomarkersBlood GlucoseTriglyceridesCardiovascular diseaseInsulin resistanceKidney diseaseMetabolic syndromeTriglyceride-glucose index

Identifiers

PMID41223875
PMCPMC12611492

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.