Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41224098›Full record

ArticleHIV medicine2026

Temporal network analysis of comorbidities among people with HIV in South Carolina.

Yunqing Ma, Matthew Lohman, Monique J Brown, Yichen Li, Xiaoming Li, Bankole Olatosi, Jiajia Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in HIV medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yunqing MaDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-2237
Matthew LohmanDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Monique J BrownDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Yichen LiDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Xiaoming LiSouth Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Bankole OlatosiSouth Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Jiajia ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.

Funding

Multilevel Determinants of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in the Context of COVID-19 PandemicR01AI127203 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI LI, XIAOMING, LIU, JIHONG · 2017 to 2021
$5.2M
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01AI127203NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127203
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPeople with HIV experience a high rate of comorbidities that can complicate their health outcomes. Understanding the prevalence, interrelationships and temporal development of these comorbidities is crucial for improving health management and quality of life for people with HIV.

methodsWe used a population-based cohort extracted from statewide electronic health record (EHR) data in South Carolina (SC), including 18 649 people with HIV who survived at least 1 year after HIV diagnosis between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2020. Comorbidities and organ systems were classified using ICD-10 codes. Network analysis was performed to assess the closeness centrality among comorbidities. Temporal network analysis was conducted every 3 years to compare the increases or decreases in comorbidities over time.

resultsThe most common comorbidities included infectious diseases (74.4% such as candidiasis, Hepatitis C and other sexually transmitted infections [STIs]), digestive system disorders (67.9%), mental and behavioural disorders (65.0%), respiratory system disorders (62.9%) and musculoskeletal system disorders (62.3%). The most frequent non-communicable conditions were hypertensive disorders (54.7%), nicotine dependence (54.3%), back pain (41.1%), anaemias (39.7%) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (26.0%). The temporal analysis showed a rise in 10 comorbidities from 2006 to 2020, including hypertensive disease (19.7% to 24.7%) and dyslipidaemia (4.5% to 11.2%). Nicotine dependence, hypertensive disease, anaemia and major depressive disorder were the most prevalent over time.

conclusionsOur study underscores the high prevalence and complex interrelationships of comorbidities among people with HIV in SC. This emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and specific interventions to address comorbidities, focusing on shared risk factors and established pathological pathways.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsAdultAgedCohort StudiesComorbidityElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedPrevalenceSouth CarolinaYoung Adultcomorbiditynetwork analysispeople with HIVSouth Carolina

Identifiers

PMID41224098
PMCPMC12861128

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.