ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2026
25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesWe assessed the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and rates of mortality and cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, angina/bypass) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
methodsThe Hopkins Lupus Cohort began measuring 25(OH)D quarterly in 2009. We examined associations between 25(OH)D levels-baseline, mean in the last year, and most recent values-and both mortality and cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, angina/bypass). Two analyses were conducted: (i) a prospective analysis of events occurring after the first 25(OH)D measurement, and (ii) a lifetime analysis including events before cohort entry. All models adjusted for age, sex (female or male), race, and body mass index.
resultsThe prospective analysis included 11,302 person-years from 1768 patients. Patients with 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL had the highest mortality and cardiovascular event rates. Compared to those with levels of 30-39 ng/mL, those with levels <20 ng/mL at cohort entry had significantly increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 2.05, 95% CI: 1.19-3.54, P = .0095) and cardiovascular events (HR 2.98, 95% CI: 1.30-6.85, P = .010). Risk of myocardial infarction alone was not statistically significant (HR 1.90, P = .30), but risk of angina/bypass was elevated (HR 3.53, 95% CI: 1.13-11.0, P = .030). The lifetime analysis suggested these associations, with a U-shaped pattern for myocardial infarction risk.
conclusionsAn initial 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL was associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events (but not stroke) in SLE. The U-shaped curve for myocardial infarction mirrors our previous work in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Lack of association with mean or recent 25(OH)D levels questions the impact of supplementation on risk modification.
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