ArticleSchizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)2025
Peripheral NMDAR subunits as predictors of working memory improvement in schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- GLUT5-Driven Gut-Liver Axis Injury Mediating Olanzapine-Induced NAFLD and Dapagliflozin Intervention.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a defining characteristic impairing social functioning in schizophrenia (SZ). N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction may underlie these impairments. This study explored the association between peripheral blood levels of the NMDAR subunits NR1 and NR2 and cognitive improvement in SZ, evaluating their potential as biomarkers for the efficacy of cognitive intervention. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial included 60 clinically stable SZ patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Patients received five-day transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during cognitive tasks across three groups: the active dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the active posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and the sham stimulation group. Cognition was evaluated, and blood samples were collected at baseline, week 1, and week 2. Baseline blood samples were also obtained from HCs. NR1 and NR2 concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that baseline NR1 concentration was significantly lower in the patient group than in HCs, with no NR2 differences observed. Compared to the other two groups, the active PPC group demonstrated significant working memory improvements. In the active PPC group, baseline NR1 and NR2 concentrations were negatively correlated with working memory improvements at week 1. Moreover, changes in NR1 at weeks 1 and 2, and NR2 at week 1, were positively associated with working memory improvements at week 1 in the active PPC group. Peripheral NR1 and NR2 levels may serve as biomarkers for predicting cognitive improvement in SZ, supporting the role of NMDAR dysfunction in SZ-related cognitive deficits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.