Evidence mapPaperPMID 41225057Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2026

Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges.

Daisong Wang, Remi Villenave, Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit, Hans Clevers

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. [Organoid-based strategies and challenges in tissue regeneration].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2026
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  6. Anisakiasis: A Decade of Molecular and Diagnostic Advancements (2015-2026).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Daisong WangHubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Remi VillenaveRoche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8934-5085
Nadine Stokar-RegenscheitRoche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4089-2026
Hans CleversHubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. hans.clevers@roche.com.ORCID 0000-0002-3077-5582

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Organoids are 3D structures derived from stem cells that recapitulate key architectural and functional aspects of the corresponding tissue. Compared with conventional 2D cell lines, human organoids provide experimental models that more closely reflect human physiology. Their ability to capture the complexity and heterogeneity of human tissues enables the study of disease mechanisms, drug efficacy and toxicity. When generated from patient material, organoids also allow the assessment of individual drug responses. In this Review, we explore the utility of organoids in drug discovery. We outline current methodologies for generating and maintaining organoids, examine their applications in disease modelling, drug screening and safety evaluation, and consider regulatory aspects and the challenges for their broader adoption in drug discovery.

Indexed as

Drug DiscoveryOrganoidsAnimalsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalHumans

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.