Evidence mapPaperPMID 41225237Full record

ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2025

COVID-19-associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and the Role of IVIG Therapy.

Sukanya Bordoloi, Suraj C Singh, Jagadeesh Bayry

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sukanya BordoloiDepartment of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, India.
Suraj C SinghDepartment of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, India.
Jagadeesh BayryDepartment of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, India. bayry@iitpkd.ac.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has not only reshaped our understanding of viral pathogenesis but also highlighted its capacity to trigger autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to a broad spectrum of immune-mediated complications, ranging from well-defined conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and systemic lupus erythematosus, to the development of diverse autoantibodies and atypical inflammatory phenotypes. This review synthesizes the current clinical and experimental evidence linking COVID-19 to autoimmune and inflammatory sequelae. We have provided a structured overview on the multifactorial mechanisms underpinning this immune dysregulation, including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, cytokine storm, host genetic predisposition, and viral genomic variability. Additionally, we discussed the contribution of gut dysbiosis and metabolic reprogramming in shaping aberrant immune responses following infection. Special attention is given to the therapeutic potential of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which has shown promise in mitigating hyperinflammation and modulating autoimmunity in affected individuals. IVIG can provide therapeutic benefits by diverse mutually nonexclusive mechanisms. By integrating emerging insights across clinical immunology, virology, and host-pathogen interactions, this review aims to advance our understanding of COVID-19-induced immune complications and therapeutic strategies to manage post-COVID autoimmune and inflammatory syndromes.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesCOVID-19Immunoglobulins, IntravenousInflammationSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 Drug TreatmentHumansImmunoglobulins, IntravenousAutoimmune diseasesCOVID-19Inflammatory disordersIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)Post-viral autoimmunitySARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.