ArticleCancer cell international2025
The effect of combination therapy on Bevacizumab, Carmustine, and Metformin chemotherapy drugs on the fluctuating performance expression of TLR2, TLR6, and IL-6 genes in the cell line of brain glioblastoma.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGlioblastoma, one of the most aggressive brain tumors, is distinguished by its resistance to standard treatments. So, studying practical therapeutic methods is of great importance. In this project, the effects of combined chemotherapy drugs, including bevacizumab, carmustine, and metformin, on the expression of IL-6, TLR2, and TLR6 in the glioblastoma cell line of U87MG were investigated.
methodsU87MG cells were treated with bevacizumab, carmustine, and metformin alone or in combined groups. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptotic rates and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene and protein expression levels of TLR2, TLR6, and IL-6 were evaluated by Real-Time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, bioinformatic analyses, including protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and pathway enrichment, were performed using Cytoscape (GeneMANIA) and R (ClusterProfiler).
resultsThe triple-drug combination(bevacizumab, carmustine, and metformin )significantly reduced cell viability and induced a substantial increase in apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Treatment also led to a marked downregulation of TLR2, TLR6, and IL-6 gene expression. Bioinformatic analysis revealed these genes to be central in pathways associated with immune regulation, inflammation, and tumor progression.
conclusionThe combination of bevacizumab, carmustine, and metformin exerts a potent synergistic antitumor effect in U87MG glioblastoma cells through modulation of inflammation-associated genes, induction of apoptosis, and disruption of cell cycle progression. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for multi-targeted combination therapy in glioblastoma and support further preclinical evaluation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.