Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41225586›Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2025

Foods, Mediterranean diet, and risk of multimorbidity: results from a large population-based cohort study.

Huifeng Zhang, Xing Wang, Peiwen Shi, Tian Gao, Huinan Zhang, Xinzhe Du, Yuanyuan Dong, Jing Huang, Janet E Cade

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Huifeng ZhangDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
Xing WangDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
Peiwen ShiDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
Tian GaoDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
Huinan ZhangDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
Xinzhe DuDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
Yuanyuan DongSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9AT, UK.
Jing HuangDepartment of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China. afmu@fmmu.edu.cn.
Janet E CadeSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9AT, UK.

Funding

Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province 2023-JC-QN-0939"Phoenix Introduction Plan" Project of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University 2025YFJH005the General Project of Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province 2024-JC-YBMS-700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultimorbidity has posed growing global health burdens, yet evidence on modifiable dietary risk factors remains limited. To explore the dietary factors influencing multimorbidity risk, a longitudinal study was conducted in the UK Women's Cohort.

methodsThe cohort initiated from 1995 to 1998 has recruited 35,372 women aged 35-69 years at baseline. Daily consumption of foods and a modified Mediterranean diet was evaluated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire with 217 items. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to assess multimorbidity based on diagnostic ICD codes from Hospital Episode Statistics. Associations between diet and multimorbidity were estimated using Cox's proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses stratified by age at baseline and body mass index were additionally explored.

resultsDuring 486,656 person-years of follow-up (mean 19.7 years), 7,516 of 24,703 participants (30.4%) developed incident multimorbidity. Compared with women with low adherence to Mediterranean diet, those with moderate or high adherence had 6% (hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: (0.89, 0.99)) or 14% (0.86 (0.80, 0.92)) lower risk of multimorbidity in the fully-adjusted models, respectively. Increased risk of multimorbidity was observed to be associated with each additional 10 g/MJ intake of processed meat (1.60 (1.37, 1.87)), red meat (1.19 (1.12, 1.26)), and total meat (1.12 (1.08, 1.17)). Above associations remained in subgroup analyses stratified by age at baseline or body mass index (BMI), except in the subgroup aged ≥ 60 years where the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of multimorbidity was attenuated significantly. Additionally, there was no significant evidence on effect modification of age at baseline or BMI on the dietary factors (all P-interaction > 0.05).

conclusionsAdherence to Mediterranean diet was inversely, but consumption of meat especially processed meat was positively, associated with risk of multimorbidity. These modifiable dietary factors represent promising prevention targets, warranting further investigation in diverse populations.

Indexed as

Diet, MediterraneanMultimorbidityAdultAgedBody Mass IndexCohort StudiesDietFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsUnited KingdomLongitudinal studyMediterranean dietMultimorbidityProcessed meatRed meat

Identifiers

PMID41225586
PMCPMC12613784

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.