Evidence mapPaperPMID 41226355Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Nano-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Therapeutics Against Cancer and Neurological Disorders.

Sarfraz Ahmed, David Gozal, Abdelnaby Khalyfa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sarfraz AhmedDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
David GozalDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8195-6036
Abdelnaby KhalyfaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5811-5148

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccines have emerged as one of the most effective biomedical strategies for the eradication of diseases. However, a significant limitation remains in their ability to induce comprehensive humoral and cellular immune responses. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been advanced as a novel vaccine delivery approach to address reduced immunogenicity. Several nanoparticle-based agents have now been approved for human use, and NP-based formulations have shown remarkable potential to enhance immunogenicity and stability, supporting targeted delivery and controlled release either through co-encapsulation of adjuvants such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or the inherent immune-stimulatory properties of NP materials in minimizing cytotoxicity. Despite these advances, there remains a pressing need for vaccines capable of addressing complex and multifactorial diseases such as neurological disorders and cancer. Nanotechnology could be a viable solution to this challenge. The use of lipid-based NPs, particularly those encapsulating mRNA, has garnered attention for its adaptability in vaccine delivery. Current studies indicate that NP composition, surface charge and size may play a crucial role in modulating biodistribution, delivering immune-stimulatory molecules, targeting antigens and trafficking antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which enhance immune responses across mucosal and systemic tissues. This review highlights recent advancements in NP-based vaccines and delivery systems, and adjuvants for cancer and neurological disorders. The review also covers an overview of NP-based and alternative delivery systems, focusing on the mechanisms and innovations related to NP-based systems for immunotherapeutic applications in cancer and neurological disorders.

Indexed as

Cancer VaccinesDrug Delivery SystemsNanoparticlesNeoplasmsNervous System DiseasesVaccinesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsHumansNanoparticle Drug Delivery SystemAdjuvants, ImmunologicCancer VaccinesNanoparticle Drug Delivery SystemVaccinescancerimmunotherapeuticsliposomesnano-based vaccinesnanocarriersnanoparticlesneurological disordersvaccine delivery systems

Identifiers

PMID41226355
PMCPMC12609898

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.