Evidence mapPaperPMID 41226738Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Diagnostic Value of Serum Biomarkers in Endocrine Dysfunction, Neuronal Injury, and Inflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Maria Bouta, Martha Assimakopoulou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Maria BoutaDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Preclinical Medicine Department Building, 1 Asklipiou, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Martha AssimakopoulouDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Preclinical Medicine Department Building, 1 Asklipiou, 26504 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-8990-4000

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes one of the primary causes of mortality globally. While many survivors fully recover, others experience several chronic complications that, if left untreated, negatively affect the patient's quality of life. Among these, post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) represents a common yet poorly recognized condition. The subtle, non-specific nature of pituitary dysfunction symptomatology, its overlap with similar disorders subsequent to TBI, and the lack of sensitive diagnostic tools are the main factors resulting in underdiagnosis of PTHP. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge, potential clinical utility, and limitations of serum biomarkers that may serve as reliable, minimally invasive tools for assessing pituitary function in the post-TBI period or even predicting late-onset deficiencies. These biomarkers, originating from neuronal damage or the inflammatory response following pituitary injury, can be co-evaluated with basal levels of pituitary and target organs hormones to accurately establish the diagnosis of the condition. Additionally, this review also provides an overview of emerging biomarkers that are currently under investigation and may be incorporated into clinical practice in the future.

Indexed as

BiomarkersBrain Injuries, TraumaticHypopituitarismInflammationAnimalsHumansPituitary GlandBiomarkersdiagnosishypopituitarismneuroinflammationneuronal injurypituitary dysfunctionserum biomarkersTBItraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID41226738
PMCPMC12610775

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.