Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41228438›Full record

ArticleNutrients2025

Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy Among Polish Children: Findings from the PITNUTS 2024 Study.

Michał Sawicki, Joanna Kowalkowska, Ewa Kawiak-Jawor, Zbigniew Kulaga, Grazyna Rowicka, Piotr Socha, Anna Swiader-Lesniak, Agnieszka Swiecicka-Ambroziak, Hanna Szajewska, Lidia Wadolowska and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Michał SawickiNutricia Foundation, 8 Bobrowiecka Street, 00-728 Warsaw, Poland.
Joanna KowalkowskaDepartment of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45F Sloneczna Street, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1981-7320
Ewa Kawiak-JaworDepartment of Social Innovation, Łukasiewicz Research Network-ITECH Institute of Innovation and Technology, 87 Zelazna Street, 00-879 Warsaw, Poland.
Zbigniew KulagaDepartment of Public Health, Children's Memorial Health Institute, 20 Dzieci Polskich Avenue, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0509-1004
Grazyna RowickaPediatric Gastroenterology Outpatients Clinic, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a Kasprzaka Street, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0560-9435
Piotr SochaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Paediatrics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, 20 Dzieci Polskich Avenue, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland.
Anna Swiader-LesniakDepartment of Anthropology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, 20 Dzieci Polskich Avenue, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5935-4442
Agnieszka Swiecicka-AmbroziakMedical Affairs and Market Access Department, Nutricia Polska, 8 Bobrowiecka Street, 00-728 Warsaw, Poland.
Hanna SzajewskaDepartment of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Lidia WadolowskaDepartment of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45F Sloneczna Street, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8571-9935
Malgorzata WiechDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a Kasprzaka Street, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.
Halina WekerDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a Kasprzaka Street, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5072-2066

Funding

Fundacja NUTRICIA RG 1/2023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe past evidence indicates that Polish children's diets frequently deviate from recommendations. The aim of the PITNUTS 2024 study was to provide an updated nationwide assessment of energy and nutrient intake among children aged 5-72 months, evaluate the risk of inadequate intake, and examine the relationship between diet quality patterns and nutritional adequacy.

methodsPITNUTS 2024 was a cross-sectional study analyzing dietary data from a representative sample of 940 Polish children. Dietary intake was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Nutrient adequacy was evaluated using the estimated average requirement or adequate intake cut-point method. Two diet quality scores were developed: the Children's pro-Healthy Diet Score and the Children's non-Healthy Diet Score, and their association with the risk of inadequate intake was evaluated using logistic regression.

resultsThe proportion of energy derived from protein intake exceeded recommended levels in most children, while that from fat was typically below reference levels, especially in younger groups of children. The risk of inadequate energy intake from carbohydrates was uncommon, while sucrose intake exceeding 10% of overall energy was present in almost half of the children. Among children aged 13-72 months, approximately 15% adhered to high child-pHDS, associated with a lower risk of insufficient intake of selected nutrients.

conclusionsThe diets of Polish children aged 5-72 months show persistent nutritional risks, including excessive protein intake, low vitamin D intake, suboptimal fatty acid intake profiles, and insufficient calcium and fibre intake. Diet quality scores can be useful for identifying children at risk of inadequate nutrient intake.

Indexed as

DietDiet, HealthyNutrientsNutritive ValueChildChild Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDiet SurveysEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansInfantMaleNutritional StatusPolandNutrientschildrendietary inadequaciesdietary patternsnutritionPoland

Identifiers

PMID41228438
PMCPMC12611091

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.