Evidence mapPaperPMID 41228476Full record

ReviewNutrients2025

Lactoferrin, a Natural Protein with Multiple Functions in Health and Disease.

Manuela Rizzi, Paolo Manzoni, Chiara Germano, Maria Florencia Quevedo, Pier Paolo Sainaghi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Manuela RizziDepartment of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6174-7111
Paolo ManzoniDepartment of Maternal-Infant Medicine, "Ospedale degli Infermi", 13875 Ponderano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1340-3493
Chiara GermanoDepartment of Maternal-Infant Medicine, "Ospedale degli Infermi", 13875 Ponderano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6951-3803
Maria Florencia QuevedoDepartment of Maternal-Infant Medicine, "Ospedale degli Infermi", 13875 Ponderano, Italy.
Pier Paolo SainaghiIRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8322-9158

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein showing multiple biological properties (antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antigenotoxic, prebiotic, probiotic) that play an essential role in maintaining host physiological homeostatic condition by exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Thanks to these biological properties, lactoferrin has widely been studied as a therapeutic agent in gastroenteric diseases, neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, lung diseases, and COVID-19, showing very heterogeneous results based on the disease considered and the population studied. Since lactoferrin is one of the main components of neutrophils' secondary granules, it has also been investigated as a potential disease-monitoring biomarker, especially for diseases in which inflammation is a key component. This narrative review offers updated and comprehensive insights into the available literature on lactoferrin biology, biological properties, and clinical utility.

Indexed as

LactoferrinBiomarkersCOVID-19Enterocolitis, NecrotizingHumansSARS-CoV-2BiomarkersLactoferrinantimicrobial activityantiviral activitydisease biomarkerimmunomodulationlactoferrintherapeutic applications

Identifiers

PMID41228476
PMCPMC12609423

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.