Evidence mapPaperPMID 41228483Full record

Trial reportNutrients2025

The Effect of Leucine-Enriched β-Lactoglobulin Versus an Isonitrogenous Whey Protein Isolate on Skeletal Muscle Protein Anabolism in Young Healthy Males.

Isabel A Ely, Melanie Paul, Joshua J S Wall, Jake Cox, Mads S Larsen, Paula J Scaife, Jon N Lund, Leigh Breen, Daniel J Wilkinson, Kenneth Smith and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Isabel A ElyCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
Melanie PaulCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
Joshua J S WallCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9874-1936
Jake CoxCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6141-5216
Mads S LarsenArla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, 8260 Viby J, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5936-0375
Paula J ScaifeCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
Jon N LundCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5195-2181
Leigh BreenDiabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
Daniel J WilkinsonCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
Kenneth SmithCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8971-6635
Bethan E PhillipsCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
Philip J AthertonCentre of Metabolism Ageing & Physiology, School of Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7286-046X

Funding

Arla Foods (Denmark) None formaly suppliedMedical Research Council MR/P021220/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundβ-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a protein found within whey protein (WP) that is rich in essential amino acids, most notably, leucine (LEU). LEU is considered the most potent EAA in the postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), such that suboptimal protein/essential amino acid (EAA) doses containing higher LEU content elicit muscle anabolism comparable to larger protein doses. Our objective was to test the effects of naturally LEU-rich BLG (~10 g protein) versus isonitrogenous whey protein isolate (WPI, ~10 g) on MPS.

methodsTen healthy young men (26 ± 2 y; 179 ± 2 cm; 81 ± 3 kg) received BLG (1.57 g LEU) or WPI (1.02 g LEU) in a randomised double-blind cross-over fashion. A primed constant intravenous infusion of [1,2

resultsPlasma EAA, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), and LEU concentrations increased rapidly following both protein supplements but exhibited a significantly greater EAA/BCAA/leucinemia following BLG (

conclusionsBoth BLG and WPI effectively stimulated MPS doses in young healthy males, with BLG offering an advantage in EAA/BCAA/LEU bioavailability. It follows that future research should explore the potential of BLG in populations exhibiting anabolic resistance and exercise anabolism deficiency, such as older adults as well as frail and clinical populations, to assess its utility in preserving muscle mass under conditions of suboptimal protein intake.

Indexed as

LactoglobulinsLeucineMuscle ProteinsMuscle, SkeletalWhey ProteinsAdultAmino Acids, EssentialCross-Over StudiesDietary SupplementsDouble-Blind MethodExerciseHealthy VolunteersHumansInsulinMalePostprandial PeriodAmino Acids, EssentialInsulinLactoglobulinsLeucineMuscle ProteinsWhey Proteinsexerciseleucineproteinskeletal muscle

Identifiers

PMID41228483
PMCPMC12611059

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.