ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2025
Proportional, but not absolute, intake of appropriate plant protein is associated with a reduced risk of chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2005-2018.
Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major global public health challenge, not only seriously threatening individual health but also imposing a heavy socioeconomic burden. Dietary interventions, particularly optimizing the proportion of plant protein intake, have garnered considerable attention as a primary prevention strategy for CKD; however, important knowledge gaps remain in related research. Currently, the optimal proportion of plant protein intake that can effectively reduce CKD incidence risk has not been clearly defined, and this issue is particularly pronounced in populations with relatively low protein intake (≤1.5 g/kg/d). Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between daily dietary plant protein intake proportion and the risk of CKD incidence. Methods: We used the data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the association between plant protein intake proportion and CKD risk by using restricted cubic spline (RCS) models to assess dose-response relationship analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the benefits of plant protein intake proportion between high (>1.5 g/kg/day) and nonhigh total protein intake groups. Results: Among 32,596 participants, RCS analysis revealed a significant nonlinear association between the proportion of plant-based protein and CKD risk. CKD risk was notably lower at three intake ranges: 0.000-4.020%, 11.558-30.151%, and 57.789-100.000%. The renoprotective effect of plant protein consumption was more pronounced in individuals with nonhigh protein intake than in those with high protein consumption (P <0.05). Conclusions: This study is the first to identify a complex nonlinear association between plant-derived protein proportion and CKD risk, highlighting three intake ranges associated with renoprotective effects. These insights enhance our understanding of plant-focused nutrition in kidney health and support the development of tailored dietary recommendations grounded in scientific evidence.
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