Evidence mapPaperPMID 41233385Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2025

A digital twin-enhanced decision support system improves time-in-range in type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

Carlos E Builes-Montaño, Laura Lema-Perez, Alex Ramírez-Rincón, John J Zuleta-Tobón, Juan C Restrepo-Gutiérrez, Hernán D Álvarez-Zapata, José García-Tirado

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carlos E Builes-MontañoUniversidad de Antioquia, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia. cbuiles@hptu.org.co.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-6159
Laura Lema-PerezDepartment of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-3571
Alex Ramírez-RincónUniversidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-6201
John J Zuleta-TobónUniversidad de Antioquia, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-7714
Juan C Restrepo-GutiérrezUniversidad de Antioquia, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-7956
Hernán D Álvarez-ZapataGrupo de investigación en Procesos Dinámicos, Facultad de Minas Medellín, KALMAN, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-3583
José García-TiradoDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Diabetes Center Berne, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-2162

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) worldwide continue to be managed with multiple daily injections or sensor-augmented pumps. Decision-support systems (DSSs) have emerged as cost-effective tools to enhance treatment adherence and glucose control. We conducted a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study to evaluate STUDIA, a DSS incorporating a digital twin-enabled simulation-assisted bolus calculator. Twenty-eight participants with T1D used either the simulation-assisted calculator or traditional carbohydrate counting for prandial insulin dosing, with glucose monitored using Freestyle Libre. After four weeks, the group using the simulation-assisted calculator showed a 7% increase in time in the target glucose range (70-180 mg/dL) compared to the control (p < 0.001), along with a lower hypoglycemia incidence rate (RR 0.31, p = 0.022). Model performance yielded a mean absolute percentage error at 60 min of 19.2 ± 6.7%, increasing at longer horizons, with most discrepancies between simulation and sensor falling into no-risk or slight-risk zones. These findings support the safety, feasibility, and potential clinical utility of the STUDIA system in people with T1D.

Indexed as

Decision Support Systems, ClinicalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringFemaleHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin

Identifiers

PMID41233385
PMCPMC12615814

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.