Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41233738›Full record

SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2025

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mustapha Muhammed Abubakar, Abdulmuminu Isah, Ruth Jeminiwa, Ibraheem Abioye, Ismaeel Yunusa, Mohammed Abba-Aji, Osagie Kenneth Cole, Jamila Sani, Mukhtar Ijaiya, Chukwuemeka Nwachuya and 5 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Mustapha Muhammed AbubakarDirectorate of Therapeutic Services, Medical Services Branch, Nigerian Air Force, Abuja, Nigeria.
Abdulmuminu IsahDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Ruth JeminiwaJefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, USA.
Ibraheem AbioyeStatsClinic Inc, Barrington, RI, USA.
Ismaeel YunusaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Mohammed Abba-AjiBoston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA.
Osagie Kenneth ColeDirectorate of Clinical Services, Medical Services Branch, Nigerian Air Force, Abuja, Nigeria.
Jamila SaniDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Mukhtar IjaiyaData-Lead Africa, Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria.
Chukwuemeka NwachuyaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Yusuf IbrahimThe Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, School of One Health, Biodiversity and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Mustapha UsmanDirectorate of Therapeutic Services, Medical Services Branch, Nigerian Air Force, Abuja, Nigeria.
Duke DanielsDirectorate of Therapeutic Services, Medical Services Branch, Nigerian Air Force, Abuja, Nigeria.
Oluwaseun Samuel IlugbuhiDirectorate of Clinical Services, Medical Services Branch, Nigerian Air Force, Abuja, Nigeria.
Blessing Onyinye Ukoha-KaluSchool of Medicine, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, UK. blessing.ukoha-kalu@stmarys.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPotentially inappropriate medications (PIM) are associated with adverse health outcomes. The use of PIM among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) could be more problematic due to peculiarities such as antiretroviral toxicity and drug-disease interactions. However, PIM among PLHIV continues to receive little attention. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review and estimate the prevalence of PIM among PLHIV.

methodsWe searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2024. Studies included were peer-reviewed articles that determined PIM prevalence using validated explicit or implicit tools and provided statistical information on the measured outcomes. Systematic, narrative, and literature reviews as well as case studies, commentaries, and editorials were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. Subgroup analysis was performed for the different geographic regions, PIM criteria, age, study period, and median numbers of medicines. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses, publication bias, and cumulative meta-analysis were conducted.

resultsA total of 13 articles, including 3200 PLHIV, were included for the systematic review, while meta-analysis was conducted using 8 studies comprising 2546 PLHIV. Most of the studies (46%) employed a cross-sectional study design. 11 out of the 13 studies were conducted in Europe. Most studies reported benzodiazepines as the most common PIM among PLHIV, while hypertension and dyslipidaemia were identified as the most frequent comorbidities. Overall, the pooled prevalence of PIM was 44.8% (95% CI, 32%-58%) using a random-effect model. PIM prevalence among PLHIV was higher among those exposed to polypharmacy (59.3%; CI: 48.9% – 68.9%), those aged > 70 years (44.6%; CI: 24.1–67.1), and post-COVID (48.9%; CI: 39%-59%).

conclusionThis study suggests that PIM exposure among PLHIV is a budding issue. Findings from this review advocate for mitigating measures against PIM use. Also, this review contributes data on the use of PIM across different cohorts, creating awareness for policymakers and health managers. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO – CRD42024529411.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsInappropriate PrescribingPotentially Inappropriate Medication ListHumansPrevalenceHIV/AIDSMeta-analysisPotentially inappropriate medicationsPrevalenceSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41233738
PMCPMC12616912

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.